Systems and Methods for Controlling a Vehicle HVAC System

ABSTRACT

Disclosed are climate systems for vehicles and methods for controlling the climate systems. In some implementations, a climate system includes: (1) a temperature sensor configured to measure a temperature within the compartment of the vehicle; (2) a user interface configured to receive a desired temperature from a user; (3) a first compressor powered by an engine of the vehicle to compress a refrigerant; (4) a second compressor driven by an electric motor to compress the refrigerant; and (5) a controller electrically coupled to the first compressor and the second compressor. The controller configured to: (1) calculate a thermal load of the compartment based on a difference between a desired temperature and a measured temperature; and, (2) based on the calculated load, selectively activate: (i) the engine, (ii) the first compressor, and/or (iii) the second compressor.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/401,756, filed Sep. 29, 2016, entitled “Systems and Methods for Controlling a Vehicle HVAC System,” and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/454,281, filed Feb. 3, 2017, entitled “Systems and Methods for Controlling a Vehicle HVAC System,” both of which are hereby expressly incorporated by reference in their entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This generally relates to heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems for vehicles and methods for controlling such systems, including but not limited to, HVAC systems and methods for utilizing dual compressors.

BACKGROUND

Recent global economic expansion has stressed the transportation industry's ability to keep up with shipping demands for materials and products. Drivers' time spent on the road, and in the vehicles, has increased in an attempt to meet the high market demands. In addition, drivers in the industry take breaks along their routes to combat fatigue, or to comply with various regulations. Thus, the number of trucks pulled over at toll plazas, weight stations, rest stops, and the like has also increased in recent years. Significantly, these locations often do not provide facilities for the drivers to use to sleep or rest, necessitating continued occupancy within the vehicle.

In some circumstances heat conditions can present issues for the drivers ranging from discomfort to health risks, such as heat stroke. Thus it is important that the drivers have access to functioning vehicular climate systems at all times, including at rest stops.

Such a climate system needs to provide a comfortable environment for drivers and passengers when the engine of the vehicle is on as well as when it is off. Maximizing the efficiency of such systems, however, is challenging.

SUMMARY

Accordingly, there is a need for systems and/or devices with more efficient and accurate methods for providing a comfortable environment within a vehicle. In some instances, such systems, devices, and methods manage an engine-driven compressor and an electrically-driven compressor so as to maximize efficiency. Such systems, devices, and methods optionally complement or replace conventional systems, devices, and methods for providing a comfortable environment within the vehicle.

In some embodiments, a climate system is provided that includes a primary air conditioning system having a first compressor, a second compressor, and a controller electrically coupled to the first compressor (also sometimes called the primary compressor) and the second compressor (also sometimes called the auxiliary compressor). The primary air conditioning system further includes: a temperature sensor configured to measure a temperature within the compartment of the vehicle; and a user interface configured to receive a desired temperature of the compartment from a user. The second compressor is coupled with primary air conditioning system, and driven by an electric motor to compress a refrigerant. The controller is configured to obtain the desired temperature of the compartment from the input mechanism, receive the measured temperature of the compartment from the sensor, and calculate a thermal load of the compartment based at least partially on a difference between the desired temperature and the measured temperature. Upon determining that the thermal load exceeds a first predetermined thermal load threshold, the controller automatically, without human intervention, turns-on the engine if the engine is off; activates the first compressor, if the first compressor is off, to compress the refrigerant for cooling the compartment; and activates the second compressor, if the second compressor is off, to compress the refrigerant for cooling the compartment. Upon determining that the thermal load does not exceed the first predetermined thermal load threshold but does exceed a second thermal load threshold, the controller automatically, without human intervention, turns-on the engine if the engine is off; and activates the first compressor, if the first compressor is off, to compress the refrigerant for cooling the compartment. Upon determining that the thermal load does not exceed the second predetermined thermal load threshold, the controller deactivates the first compressor if the first compressor is on; and activate the second compressors, if the second compressor is off, to compress the refrigerant for cooling the compartment.

In some embodiments, the electric motor is powered by a battery that is charged by the engine during operation of the engine, by a solar panel installed on the vehicle, or by an external source of electrical power.

In some embodiments, the second compressor is fluidly coupled in parallel with the first compressor and fluidly coupled in series with a first condenser and a first evaporator of the primary air conditioning system.

In some embodiments, the climate system further includes a second condenser disposed downstream of the second compressor and fluidly coupled to the second compressor to condense the refrigerant compressed by the second compressor. The second compressor and the second condenser form an auxiliary unit fluidly coupled in parallel with the first compressor and fluidly coupled in series with a first condenser and a first evaporator of the primary air conditioning system. In some embodiments, the second compressor and the second condenser are integrated to form one single unit. In some embodiments, the auxiliary unit also includes a first air blower electrically coupled to the controller, positioned proximate the second condenser and configured to blow ambient air or air from an air intake of the engine over the second condenser. In such embodiments, the controller automatically activates the first air blower to blow the ambient air or the air from the air intake of the engine over the second condenser when the second compressor is activated.

In some embodiments, the controller is wirelessly coupled to a mobile remote control capable of selectively activating or deactivating the controller from inside and outside of the vehicle. In some embodiments, the remote control is embedded in a vehicle key or a mobile phone. In some embodiments, the controller is automatically activated when the remote control is moving towards the vehicle and passing a first predetermined periphery. The controller is automatically deactivated when the remote control is moving away from the vehicle and passing a second predetermined periphery.

In some embodiments, the climate system also includes an object sensor configured to sense presence or absence of an object in the vehicle.

In some embodiments, the primary air conditioning system includes a heat exchanger thermally coupled with the compartment of the vehicle; and a coolant pump connected to an engine coolant line for circulating a heated engine coolant from the engine to the heat exchanger to heat the compartment of the vehicle. In such embodiments, the controller automatically activates the coolant pump to direct the heated engine coolant from the engine to the heat exchanger to heat the compartment of the vehicle, if the temperature in the compartment is below the desired temperature and if the engine is turned on.

In other embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method for controlling a climate system installed in a vehicle for heating and cooling a compartment of the vehicle. The climate system includes an engine driven air conditioning system, an electrically driven unit and a controller for performing the method. The engine driven air conditioning system includes an engine driven compressor, a condenser, and an evaporator thermally coupled to the compartment of the vehicle to cool the compartment. The electrically driven unit includes an electrically driven compressor fluidly coupled in parallel with the engine driven compressor and disposed in series with the condenser and the evaporator. The method includes: (A) obtaining a temperature in the compartment; (B) determining whether the temperature in the compartment is within a desired temperature range; (C) if the temperature in the compartment is above the desired temperature range, calculating a thermal load of the compartment based at least partially on the desired temperature range and the measured temperature, and determining whether the thermal load exceeds first and second predetermined thermal load thresholds; (D) if the thermal load exceeds the first predetermined thermal load threshold: turning on the engine if the engine is off; activating the engine driven compressor, if the engine driven compressor is off, to compress the refrigerant for cooling the compartment; and activating the electrically driven compressor, if the electrically driven compressor is off, to compress the refrigerant for cooling the compartment; (E) if the thermal load does not exceed the first predetermined thermal load threshold but does exceed a second predetermined thermal load threshold: turning on the engine if the engine is off; and activating the engine driven compressor, if the engine driven compressor is off, to compress the refrigerant for cooling the compartment; and (F) if the thermal load does not exceed the second predetermined thermal load threshold: deactivating the engine driven compressor if the engine driven compressor is on; and activating the electrically driven compressor, if the electrically driven compressor is off, to compress the refrigerant for cooling the compartment.

In some embodiments, step (E) further includes activating the electrically driven compressor, if the electrically driven compressor is off, to compress the refrigerant, thereby reducing a load on the engine driven compressor.

In some embodiments, the engine driven air conditioning system includes a heat exchanger thermally coupled to the compartment of the vehicle and a coolant pump connected to an engine coolant line for circulating a heated engine coolant from the engine to the heat exchanger. In these embodiments, if it is determined in (B) that the temperature in the compartment does not exceed the desired temperature range, (G) determining whether the engine is turned on; and (H) automatically activating the coolant pump to direct the heated engine coolant from the engine to the heat exchanger to heat the compartment of the vehicle, if the engine is turned on.

In some embodiments, the method also includes: (I) dynamically monitoring the thermal load of the compartment; and (J) automatically deactivating the engine driven compressor while maintaining activation of the electrically driven compressor, if the thermal load is dropped below the second predetermined thermal load threshold. In some embodiments, the method also includes: (K) dynamically monitoring the temperature of the compartment; and (L) automatically deactivating both the engine driven compressor and the electrically driven compressor, if the temperature of the compartment is dropped below the desired temperature range.

In some embodiments where the controller is wirelessly coupled to a mobile remote control capable of selectively activating or deactivating the controller from inside and outside of the vehicle, the method also includes: (M) selectively activating or deactivating the controller using the mobile remote control. In some embodiments, the remote control is embedded in a vehicle key or a mobile phone. In some embodiments, the controller is automatically activated when the remote control is moving towards the vehicle and within a predetermined distance from the vehicle first predetermined periphery. In some embodiments, the controller is automatically deactivated when the remote control is moving away from the vehicle and beyond the predetermined distance from the vehicle.

In some embodiments where the electrically driven unit further includes a second condenser and a first air blower positioned proximate the second condenser, the method also include: (N) automatically activating the first air blower to blow the ambient air or the air from the air intake of the engine over the second condenser when the second compressor is activated. In some embodiments where the climate system includes one or both of second and third air blowers respectively positioned proximate the condenser and the evaporator, the method also include: (O) automatically activating the second, third, or both air blowers to blow the ambient air, or the air from the air intake, of the engine respectively over the condenser and the evaporator when the electrically driven compressor or the engine driven compressor is activated.

In some embodiments, the method further includes: prior to (C) and if the measured temperature is outside of the desired temperature range, notifying an operator one or more of the following: the measured temperature, an outside temperature, a temperature difference between the measured temperature and the desired temperature range, and a temperature difference between the outside temperature and the desired temperature range. In some embodiments where the climate system includes an object sensor configured to sense presence or absence of an object in the vehicle, the method includes: prior to (C) and if the measured temperature is outside of the desired temperature range, determining whether an object is in the vehicle; and upon determining that an object is present, notifying an operator the presence of the object, and optionally notifying the operator one or more of the following: the measured temperature, an outside temperature, a temperature difference between the measured temperature and the desired temperature range, and a temperature difference between the outside temperature and the desired temperature range. In some embodiments, the method further includes: acquiring instructions from the operator whether to perform cooling or heating; and operating one or more of the following in accordance with the instruction from the operator: the engine, the engine driven compressor, the electrically driven compressor, and a coolant pump.

In some embodiments, a vehicle climate system is configured to perform any of the methods described herein. In some embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores one or more programs for execution by one or more processors of a vehicle climate system, the one or more programs including instructions for performing any of the methods described herein.

Thus, devices, storage mediums, and systems are provided with methods for operating a vehicular climate system, thereby increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction with such systems. Such methods may complement or replace conventional methods for operating a vehicular climate system.

The systems, devices, and methods of the present disclosure have other features and advantages that will be apparent from or are set forth in more detail in the accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein, and the following Detailed Description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a better understanding of the various described implementations, reference should be made to the Detailed Description below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a climate system in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the climate system of FIG. 1 including additional components in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 3A and 3B are perspective views illustrating an auxiliary unit of a climate system in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating the climate system of FIG. 1 including additional components in accordance with some embodiments.

FIGS. 5A and 5B are block diagrams illustrating the use of a remote control to activate a climate system in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a method for controlling a climate system in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating another method for controlling a climate system in accordance with some embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in detail to implementations, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various described implementations. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the various described implementations may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the implementations.

Many modifications and variations of this disclosure can be made without departing from its spirit and scope, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The specific implementations described herein are offered by way of example only, and the disclosure is to be limited only by the terms of the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.

Implementations of the present disclosure are described in the context of air-conditioning systems for use in vehicles, and in particular, in the context of air-conditioning systems to cool different compartments or spaces of an over-the-road or off-road vehicle. In some implementations, the air-conditioning system comprises, or is a component of, a heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system.

It is to be appreciated that the term vehicle as used herein may refer to trucks, such as tractor-trailer trucks or semi-trailer trucks, the scope of the present teachings is not so limited. The present teachings are also applicable, without limitation, to cars, vans, buses, trailers, boats, planes, and any other suitable vehicle.

A climate system of the present disclosure generally includes a primary air conditioning system and an auxiliary unit coupled to the primary air conditioning system. The auxiliary unit includes a second compressor, and in some cases also includes a second condenser. The primary air conditioning system is optionally a conventional air conditioning system, and the auxiliary unit is optionally integrated into such a conventional air conditioning system with no or minimal modification on the conventional air conditioning system. The second compressor and/or the auxiliary unit is powered by a power source other than the vehicle's engine. When desired, it is turned on to provide cooling when the engine is off. It is optionally turned on while the engine is running, to either allow the engine to be turned off, or to reduce the thermal load on a engine-powered first compressor (e.g., a belt-driven compressor) to reduce fuel consumption.

The climate system of the present disclosure also includes a controller, and the present disclosure provides novel methods to control the operation of the primary air conditioning system and the auxiliary unit. The methods enable automatic control of the primary air conditioning system and the auxiliary unit based on thermal loads and/or other factors. In some embodiments, the controller is activated or deactivated by a remote control inside or outside of the vehicle, facilitating the capability of pre-conditioning the vehicle prior to entry.

FIG. 1 depicts a representative climate system (100) in accordance with some embodiments. As shown, the climate system includes a primary air conditioning system (101), a second compressor (104) fluidly coupled to the primary air conditioning system, and a controller (124). The primary air conditioning system (101) includes a temperature sensor (106), a user interface, (108), and a first compressor (102). In some embodiments, the user interface comprises an input mechanism. The temperature sensor (106) is configured to measure a temperature within a compartment (114) of the vehicle. The temperature sensor is optionally any suitable sensors, including contact or non-contact sensors. The temperature sensor is optionally configured to be placed inside or outside of the compartment. The user interface (108) (e.g., a thermostat) is configured to set and/or receive a desired temperature of the compartment (114) from a user. In some embodiments, one single device (e.g., a thermostat) functions as both the temperature sensor (106) and the user interface (108). The first compressor (102) is driven by a power source (110), such as an engine of the vehicle, to compress a refrigerant while the engine of the vehicle is on. In some embodiments, the first compressor is configured to deactivate in accordance with a determination that the engine is shut-off.

In some embodiments, the primary air conditioning system (101) includes a condenser (118) and an evaporator (120). The first compressor (102), the condenser (118) and the evaporator (120) are fluidly connected by refrigerant lines (e.g., 122-1, 122-3, 122-4), and form a refrigerant loop. The evaporator (120) is thermally coupled to the compartment (114) of the vehicle to cool the compartment (114). As used herein, the term “thermally coupled” refers to one or more of the following: (i) a device (e.g., the evaporator) is mounted within a corresponding compartment to exchange heat with that compartment, or with the air in that compartment, and (ii) the device (e.g., the evaporator) is coupled with another device (e.g., heat exchanger or air blower) which exchanges heat (e.g., introduces conditioned air) with that compartment. The compartment (114) is optionally a cab compartment, a sleeper compartment, a combination of cab and sleeper compartments, or any other space in a vehicle.

The second compressor (104) is driven by a power source (112), such as an electric motor, to compress a refrigerant. In some embodiments, the electric motor is powered by a battery that is charged by the engine during operation of the engine, by a solar panel installed on the vehicle, or by a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the second compressor (104) is fluidly coupled in parallel with the first compressor (102), and fluidly coupled in series with the first condenser (118) and the first evaporator (120) of the primary air conditioning system (101).

The controller (124) is electrically coupled to the first compressor (102) and the second compressor (104). The controller is configured to obtain the desired temperature of the compartment from the user interface (108), and obtain the measured temperature of the compartment from the sensor (106). In some embodiments, the controller is configured to obtain a desired temperature range for the compartment from the user interface (108). In some embodiments, the controller is configured to determine a desired temperature range based on the obtained desired temperature. In some embodiments, the controller determines a desired temperature range of +/−1 degree, 2 degrees, or 3 degrees of the obtained desired temperature. For example, a user enters a desired temperature of 72 degrees and the controller sets a desired temperature range of 73-71 degrees. In some embodiments, based at least partially on a difference between the desired temperature and the measured temperature, the controller calculates a thermal load of the compartment. In some embodiments, based at least partially on a difference between the desired temperature range and the measured temperature, the controller calculates a thermal load of the compartment. For example, the controller calculates a thermal load based on a mid-point of the desired temperature range and/or an upper boundary of the desired temperature range.

Based on the calculated thermal load, the controller (124) controls the operations of the first and second compressors, to achieve efficient cooling effects and/or reduce fuel consumption. For example, upon determining that the thermal load exceeds a first predetermined thermal load threshold (e.g., a thermal load capacity of the first compressor), the controller (124) automatically, without human intervention, turns-on the engine (if the engine was previously off), and enables both the first and second compressors to compress the refrigerant for cooling the compartment. Upon determining that the thermal load does not exceed the first predetermined thermal load threshold but does exceed a second thermal load threshold (e.g., the a thermal load capacity of the second compressor), the controller (124) automatically, without human intervention, turns-on the engine (if the engine was previously off), and enables the first compressor to compress the refrigerant for cooling the compartment. Upon determining that the thermal load does not exceed the second predetermined thermal load threshold, the controller (124) enables the second compressor to compress the refrigerant for cooling the compartment, and optionally disables the first compressor.

In some embodiments, upon determining that the thermal load does not exceed the first predetermined thermal load threshold but does exceed a second thermal load threshold, the control also enables the second compressor to assist in compression of the refrigerant for cooling the compartment. This reduces the thermal load on the first compressor, and consequently reduces the fuel consumption.

Referring to FIG. 2, in some embodiments, the climate system (100) further includes a second condenser (202) disposed downstream of the second compressor (104) and fluidly coupled to the second compressor. The second condenser (202) condenses the refrigerant compressed by the second compressor. Collectively, the second compressor (104) and the second condenser (202) form an auxiliary unit (302) fluidly coupled in parallel with the first compressor (102) and fluidly coupled in series with the first condenser and the first evaporator of the first air conditioning system (101). In some embodiments, such as those illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the second compressor (104) and the second condenser (202) are integrated to form one single unit. In some embodiments, the primary air conditioning system (101) is a conventional air conditioning system; and coupling the second compressor (104), or the auxiliary unit (302), to the primary air conditioning system requires no or minimal modifications on the primary air conditioning system. In some instances and implementations, due to the two condensers (118, 202) being in series, the first condenser (118) provides additional thermal transfer (e.g., via convection) without the need for an active air mover (e.g., activation of air blower 208). In some implementations, the first condenser (118) is configured so as to account for the additional thermal transfer (e.g., downsized). In some instances and implementations, the second condenser (202) provides additional thermal transfer (e.g., via convection) without the need for an active air mover (e.g., activation air blower 206). In some implementations, the second condenser (202) is configured so as to account for the additional thermal transfer (e.g., downsized). In some implementations, the climate system is configured such that only one of the two condensers (118, 202) is operating in at least some modes. In some implementations, the climate system is configured such that only one of the two air blowers (206, 208) is operating in at least some modes.

In some embodiments, the auxiliary unit (302) includes a first air blower (206) positioned proximate the second condenser (202) and configured to blow ambient air and/or air from an air intake of the engine over the second condenser (202). In some embodiments, the first air blower (206) is electrically coupled to the controller (124). In some embodiments, when the second compressor is activated, the controller (124) automatically activates the first air blower to blow the ambient air and/or the air from the air intake of the engine over the second condenser (202), thereby providing air that is not affected by the engine heat load (e.g., air not heated by the engine).

In some embodiments, the primary air conditioning system (101) includes one or more air blowers positioned proximate the first condenser and/or the first evaporator of the primary air conditioning system. As an example, FIG. 2 illustrates a second air blower (208) positioned proximate the first condenser (118), and a third air blower (210) positioned proximate the first evaporator (120). In some embodiments, the second and third air blowers are electrically connected to the controller (124), and configured to blow ambient air and/or air from an air intake of the engine over the first condenser and the evaporator respectively. In some embodiments, when the second compressor or the first compressor is activated, the controller (124) automatically activates the second and third air blowers to blow the ambient air and/or the air from the air intake of the engine over the first condenser and the first evaporator respectively.

In some embodiments, the primary air conditioning system (101) further includes one or more flow control valves to control the refrigerant flowing to the first, second, or both compressors. For example, FIG. 2 illustrates a first flow control valve (212) disposed upstream of the first compressor (102), and a second flow control valve (214) disposed upstream of the second compressor (104). The first flow control valve (212) is configured to selectively restrict and permit flow of the refrigerant to the first compressor (102). The second flow control valve (214) is configured to selectively restrict and permit flow of the refrigerant to the second compressor (104). In some embodiments, the primary air conditioning system (101) further includes a metering device (216) disposed upstream of the first evaporator and configured to control flow of the refrigerant into the first evaporator.

In some embodiments, the primary air conditioning system (101) further comprises a receiver and/or drier (222) disposed between the first condenser system and the first evaporator and configured for performing one or more of the following: temporarily storing the refrigerant, and absorbing moisture from the refrigerant.

In some embodiment, the climate system (100) further includes an object sensor (205) configured to sense whether an object (e.g., temperature-sensitive object) is present in the vehicle (e.g., in the compartment). Examples of the object sensor include, but are not limited to, motion detectors, mass or weight sensors, infrared sensors or cameras (e.g., detecting objects by temperature differences relative to surroundings), visual sensors (e.g., detecting objects by color, shape or texture), or a combination of two or more different types of sensors. Examples of temperature-sensitive object include, but are not limited to, pets, medicines, drinks, foods, and/or plants.

Referring to FIG. 4, in some embodiments, the primary air conditioning system (101) includes a heat exchanger (402) and a coolant pump (404) for heating the compartment. The heat exchanger (402) is thermally coupled with the compartment of the vehicle (e.g., installed at the compartment, or connected to the compartment via a duct). The coolant pump (404) is connected to (or fluidly coupled to) an engine coolant line. When activated, the coolant pump circulates a heated engine coolant from the engine to the heat exchanger (402) to heat the compartment of the vehicle. In some embodiments, if the temperature in the compartment does not exceed (or does not meet or exceed) the desired temperature and if the engine is turned on, the controller (124) is configured to automatically activate the coolant pump (404) to direct the heated engine coolant from the engine to the heat exchanger (402) to heat the compartment of the vehicle.

Referring to FIGS. 5A and 5B, in some embodiments, the climate system includes a mobile remote control (204), or the controller (124) is wirelessly coupled to a mobile remote control (204), capable of selectively activating or deactivating the controller from inside and outside of the vehicle. This enables pre-conditioning the vehicle (e.g., cooling or heating the vehicle before an operator enters the vehicle) when desired. In some embodiments, the remote control (204) is embedded in a vehicle key or a mobile phone. In some embodiments, the remote control (204) includes a manual user interface (e.g., a push button) to activate or deactivate the controller. In some embodiments, the controller is automatically activated when the remote control (204) is moving towards the vehicle and passing a first predetermined periphery, as illustrated in FIG. 5A. In some embodiments, the controller is automatically activated when the remote control (204) is moving towards the vehicle and within a predetermined distance from the vehicle (e.g., 1, 5, or 10 feet), or a particular component of the vehicle (e.g., the driver's seat). In some embodiments, the controller is automatically deactivated when the remote control (204) is moving away from the vehicle and passing a second predetermined periphery (506), as illustrated in FIG. 5B. In some embodiments, the controller is automatically deactivated when the remote control (204) is moving away from the vehicle and is not within a predetermined distance from the vehicle (e.g., 2, 10, or 15 feet), or a particular component of the vehicle (e.g., the driver's seat). It should be noted that the first and second predetermined peripheries are optionally the same as or different from one another (e.g., in terms of sizes, shapes, or locations). Also, it should be noted that the first predetermined periphery optionally resides within or overlaps with the second predetermined periphery, or vice visa. Further, it should be noted that the shape of the first or second predetermined periphery is optionally regular (e.g., a circle or oval) or irregular.

FIG. 6 depicts a method (600) for controlling a climate system in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, the method (600) is performed by a climate system, such as the climate system (100), or one or more components of the climate system, such as controller (124). In some embodiments, the method (600) is performed by a device or controller coupled to the climate system. Thus, in some embodiments, the operations of the method 600 described herein are entirely interchangeable, and respective operations of the method 600 are performed by any of the aforementioned devices, systems, or combination of devices and/or systems. In some embodiments, the method (600) is governed by instructions that are stored in a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium and that are executed by one or more processors of the climate system, such as the one or more processors of controller (124). For convenience, the method (600) is described below as being performed by a system, such as the climate system (100).

In some embodiments, the climate system, such as the climate system (100), is installed in a vehicle for heating and cooling a compartment of the vehicle. In some embodiments, the climate system includes a primary air conditioning system, such as the primary air conditioning system (101), an auxiliary unit, such as the auxiliary unit (302), and a controller, such as the controller (124). In some embodiments, the primary air conditioning system includes a first compressor such as the first compressor (102) driven by an engine of the vehicle, a first condenser such as the first condenser (118), and a first evaporator such as the first evaporator (120) thermally coupled to the compartment of the vehicle to cool the compartment. In some embodiments, the auxiliary unit includes a second compressor such as the second compressor (104) fluidly coupled in parallel with the first compressor and in series with the first condenser and the first evaporator.

The system obtains (602) a temperature for the compartment (T), and determines (604) whether the temperature in the compartment is within a desired temperature range ([T1, T2]), where T2 is equal to or greater than T1. In some embodiments, the desired temperature range ([T1, T2]) is based on a desired temperature obtained from a user (e.g., is +/−1, 2, or 3 degrees from the desired temperature). In some embodiments, the system determines whether the temperature in the compartment is below T1, within [T1, T2] (either inclusively or exclusively), or above T2. If the temperature in the compartment is above the desired temperature range, the system calculates (608) a thermal load of the compartment (Q) based at least partially on the desired temperature range and the measured temperature, and determines (610 and 614) whether the thermal load exceeds (or meets or exceeds) first and second predetermined thermal load thresholds (Q1, Q2). In some embodiments, the determination of whether the thermal load exceeds (or meets or exceeds) the first and second predetermined thermal load thresholds is performed concurrently, or the order of the determination is alternated. In some embodiments, the first predetermined thermal load threshold is the cooling capacity of the first compressor. In some embodiments, the second predetermined thermal load threshold is the cooling capacity of the second compressor.

Upon determining that the thermal load exceeds (or meets or exceeds) the first predetermined thermal load threshold, the system (612): (1) turns on the engine if the engine is off; (2) activates the first compressor if the first compressor is off, to compress the refrigerant for cooling the compartment; and (3) activates the second compressor, if the second compressor is off, to compress the refrigerant for cooling the compartment. In some embodiments, the system enables various components, which includes powering the components on, if necessary. In some embodiments, the system disables various components, which includes powering down the components. For example, upon determining that the thermal load exceeds (or meets or exceeds) the first predetermined thermal load threshold, the system: (1) enables the engine; (2) enables the first compressor to compress the refrigerant for cooling the compartment; and (3) enables the second compressor to compress the refrigerant for cooling the compartment

Upon determining that the thermal load does not exceed the first predetermined thermal load threshold but does exceed (or meets or exceeds) a second predetermined thermal load threshold, the system (616): (1) turns on the engine if the engine is off; and (2) activates the first compressor, if the first compressor is off, to compress the refrigerant for cooling the compartment. In some embodiments, upon determining that the thermal load does not exceed the first predetermined thermal load threshold but does exceed a second predetermined thermal load threshold, the system: (1) enables the engine; and (2) enables the first compressor to compress the refrigerant for cooling the compartment. In some embodiments, the system also activates the second compressor, if the second compressor is off, to compress the refrigerant. This results in reduction of the load on the first compressor, reduction of engine power needed for operating the first compressor, and consequently reduction of the fuel consumption. This also results in additional output capacity, if needed.

Upon determining that the thermal load does not exceed the second predetermined thermal load threshold, the system (618): (1) deactivates the first compressor if the first compressor is on; and (2) activates the second compressor if the second compressor is off or maintains activation of the second compressor, to compress the refrigerant for cooling the compartment. In some embodiments, upon determining that the thermal load does not exceed the second predetermined thermal load threshold, the system: (1) disables the first compressor; and (2) enables the second compressor to compress the refrigerant for cooling the compartment.

In some embodiments, the method includes additional or optional steps. For example, in some embodiments where the primary air conditioning system further comprises a heat exchanger, such as the heat exchanger (402), thermally coupled to the compartment of the vehicle and a coolant pump such as the coolant pump (404) connected to an engine coolant line, the method additionally or optionally includes the system determining (622) whether the engine is turned on. Upon determining that the engine is turned on, the system automatically activates the coolant pump to direct the heated engine coolant from the engine to the heat exchanger to heat the compartment of the vehicle.

In some embodiments, additionally or optionally, the method includes dynamically monitoring the temperature of the compartment, and operating the first compressor, the second compressor, and/or the coolant pump accordingly. The monitoring of the temperature can be achieved, for example, by obtaining the compartment temperature (602) after the cooling or heating is performed (e.g., at 612, 616, 618, and/or 622). In some embodiments, the system obtains (602) the compartment temperature at a predefined interval (e.g., every 10 seconds, 30 seconds, or 1 minute). Upon determining that the temperature of the compartment is above the desired temperature range, the system automatically deactivates (606) the coolant pump if the coolant pump is on. Upon determining that the temperature of the compartment has dropped below the desired temperature range, the system automatically deactivates (620) both the first compressor and the second compressor if they are on. Upon determining that the temperature of the compartment is within the desired temperature range, the system optionally sleeps for a preset amount of time (e.g., every 10 seconds, 30 seconds, or 1 minute), obtains a new compartment temperature, or ends the control process.

Referring to FIG. 7, in some embodiments, the system notifies (704) an operator (e.g., a driver) if it is determined that the measured temperature is outside of the desired temperature range. The notification is optionally an audio notification (e.g., alarm), a visual notification (e.g., text message), or in any suitable format. In some embodiments, the system notifies the operator one or more of the following: the measured temperature, an outside temperature (e.g., a temperature outside of the vehicle), a temperature difference between the measured temperature and the desired temperature range, a temperature difference between the outside temperature and the desired temperature range.

In some embodiments where the climate system further includes an object sensor, such as the object sensor (205), configured to sense a particular object (or type of object), the system determines (702) whether the particular object is in the vehicle (e.g., in accordance with a determination that the measured temperature is outside of the desired temperature range). Upon determining that the particular object is present, the system notifies (704) an operator as to the presence of the object. The notification is optionally audio (e.g., alarm), visual (e.g., text message, image of the object, cartoon), or any other suitable format. In some embodiments, the system notifies the operator as to the presence of the object, along with one or more of the following: the measured temperature, an outside temperature (e.g., a temperature outside of the vehicle), a temperature difference between the measured temperature and the desired temperature range, a temperature difference between the outside temperature and the desired temperature range.

In some embodiments, the system requests (706) instruction from the operator as to whether to perform cooling or heating; and operates the engine, the primary air conditioning system, the second compressor, and/or other components accordingly. For example, upon receiving instructions from the operator that cooling or heating is desired, the method proceeds to S606 or S608 if the measured temperature is above the desired temperature range, or proceeds to S620 or S622 if the measured temperature does not exceed the desired temperature range. In some embodiments, upon receiving instructions from the operator that cooling or heating is not desired, the method proceeds to S706 to prepare ending of the control process, regardless of the temperature. In some embodiments, upon receiving instructions from the operator that cooling or heating is not desired, the system sleeps for a preset amount of time (e.g., 1 minute, 5 minutes, or 10 minutes) before obtaining (602) a temperature for the compartment. In some embodiments, the system deactivates (708) one or more of the following: the engine, the first compressor, the second compressor, and the coolant pump, if they are on.

It should be noted that, although some of various drawings illustrate a number of logical stages in a particular order, stages that are not order dependent may be reordered and other stages may be combined or broken out. While some reordering or other groupings are specifically mentioned, others will be obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art, so the ordering and groupings presented herein are not an exhaustive list of alternatives. Moreover, it should be recognized that the stages could be implemented in hardware, firmware, software or any combination thereof. As an example, detection (702) of the presence or absence of an object is optionally performed before temperature measurement (602). It is also optionally performed after temperature measurement (602) but before the temperature determination (604). As another example, deactivation (606) of the coolant pump is optionally performed before detection (702) of the presence or absence of an object, or before notification (704) of the operator. Similarly, deactivation (620) of the compressor(s) is optionally performed before detection (702) of the presence or absence of an object, or before notification (704) of the operator.

In some embodiments, the method includes other additional or optional steps. For example, in some embodiments where the climate system includes a remote control or the controller is coupled to a remote control such as the remote control (204), the method includes selectively activating or deactivating the controller using the mobile remote control (manually or automatically). In some embodiments, the controller is automatically activated when the remote control is moving towards the vehicle and passing a first predetermined periphery such as the first predetermined periphery (504). In some embodiments, the controller is automatically deactivated when the remote control is moving away from the vehicle and passing a second predetermined periphery such as the second predetermined periphery (506).

In some embodiments where the auxiliary unit further comprises an second condenser such as the second condenser (202) and a first air blower such as the first air blower (206) positioned proximate the second condenser, the method includes automatically activating the first air blower to blow the ambient air or the air from the air intake of the engine over the second condenser when the second compressor is activated. In some embodiments where the primary air conditioning system includes one or both second and third air blowers such as the second and third air blowers (208, 210) respectively positioned proximate the first condenser and the first evaporator, the method includes automatically activating one or both of the second and third air blowers to blow the ambient air or the air from the air intake of the engine respectively over the first condenser and the first evaporator when the second compressor or the first compressor is activated. The activation of the first, second, and third air blowers can be performed in the same operation as the activation of the second compressor and the first compressor (e.g., at 612, 616, or 618). It can also be performed separately, or with a preset time delay.

It will also be understood that, although the terms primary, auxiliary, first, second, etc. are, in some instances, used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first blower could be termed a second blower, and, similarly, a second blower could be termed a first blower, without departing from the scope of the various described embodiments. The first blower and the second blower are both blowers, but they are not the same blower.

The terminology used in the description of the various described embodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various described embodiments and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

As used herein, the term “if” is, optionally, construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting” or “in accordance with a determination that,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” is, optionally, construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in accordance with a determination that [a stated condition or event] is detected,” depending on the context.

The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific implementations. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of the claims to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The implementations were chosen in order to best explain the principles underlying the claims and their practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best use the implementations with various modifications as are suited to the particular uses contemplated. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A climate system for conditioning a compartment of a vehicle, comprising: a temperature sensor configured to measure a temperature within the compartment of the vehicle; a user interface configured to receive a desired temperature of the compartment from a user; a first compressor powered by an engine of the vehicle to compress a refrigerant while the engine of the vehicle is on; a second compressor driven by an electric motor to compress the refrigerant; and a controller electrically coupled to the first compressor and the second compressor, and configured to: obtain the desired temperature of the compartment from the user interface; obtain the measured temperature of the compartment from the temperature sensor; calculate a thermal load of the compartment based at least partially on a difference between the desired temperature and the measured temperature; upon determining that the thermal load exceeds a first predetermined thermal load threshold: in accordance with a determination that the engine is off, automatically, without human intervention, turn on the engine; in accordance with a determination that the first compressor is off, activate the first compressor to compress the refrigerant for cooling the compartment; and in accordance with a determination that the second compressor is off, activate the second compressor to compress the refrigerant for cooling the compartment; upon determining that the thermal load does not exceed the first predetermined thermal load threshold but does exceed a second thermal load threshold lower than the first predetermined thermal load threshold: in accordance with a determination that the engine is off, automatically, without human intervention, turn on the engine; and in accordance with a determination that the first compressor is off, activate the first compressor to compress the refrigerant for cooling the compartment; and upon determining that the thermal load does not exceed the second predetermined thermal load threshold: in accordance with a determination that the first compressor is on, deactivate the first compressor; and in accordance with a determination that the second compressor is off, activate the second compressor to compress the refrigerant for cooling the compartment.
 2. The climate system of claim 1, wherein the second compressor is fluidly coupled in parallel with the first compressor, and fluidly coupled in series with a first condenser and a first evaporator.
 3. The climate system of claim 1, further comprising a second condenser disposed downstream of the second compressor and fluidly coupled to the second compressor to condense the refrigerant compressed by the second compressor; wherein the second compressor and the second condenser form an auxiliary unit fluidly coupled in parallel with the first compressor and fluidly coupled in series with a first condenser and a first evaporator.
 4. The climate system of claim 3, further comprising: a first air blower electrically coupled to the controller, positioned proximate the second condenser and configured to blow ambient air or air from an air intake of the engine over the second condenser; a second air blower electrically coupled to the controller, positioned proximate the first condenser and configured to blow the ambient air or air from the air intake of the engine over the first condenser; and a third air blower electrically coupled to the controller, positioned proximate the first evaporator and configured to blow the ambient air or air from the air intake of the engine over the first evaporator; wherein the controller automatically concurrently activates the first air blower and the second condenser, automatically concurrently activates the second air blower and the first condenser, and automatically concurrently activates the third air blower and the first evaporator.
 5. The climate system of claim 1, further comprising an object sensor configured to sense a temperature-sensitive object in the vehicle; wherein the controller is automatically activated in accordance with a determination that the temperature-sensitive object is in the vehicle.
 6. The climate system of claim 1, wherein upon determining that the thermal load does not exceed the first predetermined thermal load threshold but does exceed the second thermal load threshold, the controller automatically activates the second compressor, in accordance with a determination that the second compressor is off, to compress the refrigerant, thereby reducing load on the first compressor.
 7. The climate system of claim 1, wherein the controller: after activating the first compressor, automatically deactivates the first compressor while maintaining activation of the second compressor, in accordance with a determination that the thermal load of the compartment does not exceed the second predetermined thermal load threshold; and automatically deactivates both the first compressor and the second compressor, in accordance with a determination that the temperature of the compartment does not exceed the desired temperature.
 8. The climate system of claim 1, further comprising: a heat exchanger thermally coupled with the compartment of the vehicle; and a coolant pump connected to an engine coolant line for circulating a heated engine coolant from the engine to the heat exchanger to heat the compartment of the vehicle; wherein the controller automatically activates the coolant pump in accordance with a determination that the temperature in the compartment does not exceed the desired temperature and that the engine is turned on.
 9. The climate system of claim 1, further comprising: a first flow control valve disposed upstream of the first compressor and configured to selectively permit flow of the refrigerant to the first compressor; and a second flow control valve disposed upstream of the second compressor and configured to selectively permit flow of the refrigerant to the second compressor.
 10. A method for controlling a climate system installed in a vehicle, the method comprising: obtaining a desired temperature of a compartment of the vehicle from a user; obtaining a measured temperature of the compartment from a temperature sensor; calculating a thermal load of the compartment based at least partially on a difference between the desired temperature and the measured temperature; upon determining that the thermal load exceeds a first predetermined thermal load threshold: in accordance with a determination that an engine of the vehicle is off, automatically, without human intervention, turn on the engine; in accordance with a determination that a first compressor is off, activate the first compressor to compress a refrigerant for cooling the compartment, wherein the first compressor comprises an engine-driven compressor; and in accordance with a determination that a second compressor is off, activate the second compressor to compress the refrigerant for cooling the compartment, wherein the second compressor comprises an electrically-driven compressor; upon determining that the thermal load does not exceed the first predetermined thermal load threshold but does exceed a second thermal load threshold lower than the first predetermined thermal load threshold: in accordance with a determination that the engine is off, automatically, without human intervention, turn on the engine; and in accordance with a determination that the first compressor is off, activate the first compressor to compress the refrigerant for cooling the compartment; and upon determining that the thermal load does not exceed the second predetermined thermal load threshold: in accordance with a determination that the first compressor is on, deactivate the first compressor; and in accordance with a determination that the second compressor is off, activate the second compressor to compress the refrigerant for cooling the compartment.
 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising, upon determining that the thermal load does not exceed the first predetermined thermal load threshold but does exceed the second thermal load threshold, activating the second compressor in accordance with a determination that the second compressor is off to compress the refrigerant, thereby reducing load on the first compressor.
 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the climate system further comprises a heat exchanger thermally coupled to the compartment, and a coolant pump connected to an engine coolant line for circulating a heated engine coolant from the engine to the heat exchanger; and the method further comprises, in accordance with a determination that the temperature in the compartment does not exceed the desired temperature and in accordance with a determination that the engine is on, automatically activating the coolant pump to direct the heated engine coolant from the engine to the heat exchanger to heat the compartment of the vehicle.
 13. The method of claim 10, further comprising: dynamically monitoring the thermal load of the compartment; and automatically deactivating the first compressor, while maintaining activation of the second compressor, in accordance with a determination that the thermal load does not exceed the second predetermined thermal load threshold.
 14. The method of claim 10, further comprising: dynamically monitoring the temperature of the compartment; and automatically deactivating both the first compressor and the second compressor in accordance with a determination that the temperature of the compartment does not exceed the desired temperature.
 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the controller is wirelessly coupled to a mobile remote control configured to selectively activate and deactivate the controller from inside and outside of the vehicle, and the method further comprises selectively activating and deactivating the controller via the mobile remote control.
 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising automatically activating the controller in accordance with a determination that the remote control is moving towards the vehicle and is within a predetermined distance from the vehicle.
 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising automatically deactivating the controller in accordance with a determination that the remote control is moving away from the vehicle and is beyond a predetermined distance from the vehicle.
 18. The method of claim 10, wherein calculating the thermal load of the compartment comprises calculating the thermal load of the compartment based at least partially on the measured temperature of the compartment, the desired temperature of the compartment, a measured ambient temperature outside the vehicle, a size of the compartment, and a shape of the compartment.
 19. The method of claim 10, further comprising, prior to calculating the thermal load of the compartment, in accordance with a determination that the measured temperature is outside of a desired temperature range, notifying the user of one or more of the following: the measured temperature; an outside temperature; a temperature difference between the measured temperature and the desired temperature range; and a temperature difference between the outside temperature and the desired temperature range.
 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising: obtaining instructions from the user as to whether to perform cooling or heating; and operating one or more of the following in accordance with the obtained instructions: the engine; the first compressor; the second compressor; and a coolant pump.
 21. The method of claim 10, wherein the climate system further comprises an object sensor configured to sense a temperature-sensitive object in the vehicle, and the method further comprises automatically activating the climate system in accordance with a determination that the temperature-sensitive object is in the vehicle.
 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising, prior to calculating the thermal load of the compartment, in accordance with a determination that the measured temperature is outside of a desired temperature range and that the temperature-sensitive object is in the vehicle, notifying the user of the presence of the temperature-sensitive object. 